Memory Loss vs. Normal Aging: 10 Warning Signs and When to See a Doctor
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Everyone forgets things. Walking into a room and blanking on why, or struggling to recall a name, is common at any age. But some memory changes are signs of something more. Knowing the difference helps you worry less about normal lapses and act sooner when something isn’t right.
Normal aging vs. warning signs
The Alzheimer’s Association lists 10 early warning signs of Alzheimer’s and other dementias. Here is each one next to a typical, age-related change that is usually nothing to worry about.
| Possible warning sign | Typical age-related change |
|---|---|
| Memory loss that disrupts daily life, such as asking the same questions repeatedly | Sometimes forgetting names or appointments, but remembering them later |
| Challenges in planning or solving problems, like following a familiar recipe or keeping track of bills | Making occasional errors when managing finances |
| Difficulty completing familiar tasks | Occasionally needing help with microwave or TV settings |
| Confusion with time or place | Getting confused about the day of the week but figuring it out later |
| Trouble understanding visual images and spatial relationships | Vision changes related to cataracts |
| New problems with words in speaking or writing | Sometimes having trouble finding the right word |
| Misplacing things and losing the ability to retrace steps | Misplacing things and retracing steps to find them |
| Decreased or poor judgment | Making a bad decision once in a while |
| Withdrawal from work or social activities | Sometimes feeling uninterested in social obligations |
| Changes in mood and personality | Becoming irritable when a routine is disrupted |
Memory problems can have treatable causes
Not every memory problem is dementia. Memory and thinking can also be affected by medication side effects, vitamin B12 deficiency, thyroid problems, depression, anxiety, poor sleep, heavy alcohol use and infections. Many of these are treatable, which is one of the best reasons to get checked early.
When to see a doctor
- Memory changes are getting worse or affecting daily life
- Family or friends have noticed changes
- You have trouble managing money, medicines or driving safely
- Changes came on suddenly: sudden confusion needs urgent medical care
How to prepare for the appointment
- Write down the changes you’ve noticed and when they started
- Bring a list of all medicines and supplements you take
- Bring a family member or friend who knows you well
- Ask about tests for treatable causes, such as B12 and thyroid levels
Keeping a simple notebook or planner and a weekly pill organizer can help with day-to-day organization, and makes it easier to share details with your doctor.
Can you lower your risk?
Yes, to a meaningful degree. The 2024 Lancet Commission on dementia estimates that about 45% of dementia cases could potentially be prevented or delayed by addressing 14 risk factors. Read our guide to 8 habits that help keep your brain sharp.
Related reading
Sources
- Alzheimer’s Association: 10 Early Signs and Symptoms
- The Lancet Commission: Dementia prevention, intervention, and care 2024
This article is for information only and is not medical advice. See our Medical Disclaimer.
